工程硕士GCT考试英语第6讲：定语从句

一、概述

1．构成图示：

先行词 +关系词+从句

如：This is the book that we want．

先行词：book；关系代词：that；从句：we want。

2．先行词特点：

先行词：(1)一定在主句之中；

(2)被从句修饰；

(3)总是在从句前面…先行一步。

3．关系词：

1)、关系代词：that，which，who，whose，whom

what(all that)，than，but，as

2)、关系副词：when，where，why

二、关系代词 Relative Pronoun

1． 选用原则

(1)在从句中所充当的成分；

(2)先行词是人，还是事物或动物；

(3)限定性|定语从句，还是非限定性|定语从句。

2．一致性(先行词与从句中的谓语动词的一致性)

(1)that，which，who 引导的定语从句

如：We want a girl who knows English．

We want three girls who know English．

(2)one of + 复数名词 + 关系词 + 从句的谓语动词(复数)

如：She is one of the few students who have passed the exam．

(3)the only one of+复数名词+关系词+从句的谓语动词(单数)

如：She is the only one of the students who has passed the exam．

3．which与that的区别

(1)只用which的情况

a)介宾

如：We have a house which／that we live in．

We have a house in which we live．

We have a house where we live．

b)非限定性定语从句

如：The house，which situated at the foot of the hill，was built last year．

We live in a house，the door of which is broken．

(2)只用that的情况

a)先行词是不定代词

如：All that glitters is not gold．  不定代词作主语，后用单数形式

2008-4．All__________ was needed was one final push to close the deal．

A．that    B．what   C.  there  D．which

2010-4. Is there anything else ___________ you want to get ready for the party this evening?

A. which        B. who         C. that         D. what

b)先行词被不定代词所修饰

如：All the classmates that are my close friends are good students．

I have finished all the homework that I should do．

c)先行词被最高级所修饰

如：This is the best film that I have ever seen．

d)先行词被序数词所修饰

如：It is the first time that I have seen such an interesting film．

e)先行词被 the only, the very, the same所修饰

如：She is the very student that I like best．

The only thing that I want to do is to go shopping．

试比较：It is the same tool that I used last time．

It is the same tool as I used last time．

f)先行词既有人又有物

如：What about the two kids and the big parcel that you saved from the fire?

The train ran over a boy and his dog that were just crossing the railroad．

4．but 引导的定语从句

(1)只出现在限制性定语从句中，一般是there be句型中；

(2)主句为否定；

(3)But=which／who／that…not…为否定义

如：There is no one but wishes to be rich．

=There is no one who doesn’t wish to be rich．

5．than 引导的定语从句

(1)than 主句有比较级

(2)than 可修饰人，也可修饰物

(3)than 后引导定从谓语动词常为单数

如：There are more demands than can be satisfied．

Don’t give him more money than is needed．

6．whose与of which的区别

whose + n．= the + n．+ of which

如：We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear．

We had a meeting the purpose of which was completely unclear．

三、关系副词  Relative Adverb

RA=prep+RP

如：I have never forgotten the day when we first met．

=I have never forgotten the day on which we first met．

That is the book where you have obtained a lot of information．

=That is the book from which you have obtained a lot of information.