2012年GCT考试英语基础知识串讲之复合从句
2012-03-25 14:27:45 www.gct-online.com
分类
名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
形容词性从句：定语从句
副词性从句：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句和方式状语从句。
名词性从句
单纯连接词：that, if, whether(句中不充当成分）
疑问代词：who, whoever, whichever, what, whatever
疑问副词：when, where, why, how
主语从句
That we shall be late is certain.他迟到是肯定的。
Who he is doesn’t concern me.
What she did is not yet known.
How the prisoner escaped is a complete mystery.
It is certain that we shall be late.
It’s not yet known what she did.
重要考点
That 不充当成分但不可省略。
为保句子平衡，可用it 做形式主语，真正主语从句放在句末.
That the earth goes around the sun is well-known to everybody.地球围绕着太阳转是众所周知的事实。(= It is well-known to everybody that the earth goes around the sun.)
谓语动词单数
只能使用whether表示是否, if 不可以使用。
用何连词看从句中缺少什么成分来决定
表语从句
The problem is who we can get to replace her.
That is what he meant.
The question is how he did it.
That’s where he lives.
This was when I really got to know the United States.
Things are not always as they seem to be.
His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.
The problem is that he does not come.
重要考点
That 一般不可以省略
只能使用whether表示是否, if 不可以；但as if 可以
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。
All this was over twenty years ago, but it seems as if it was only yesterday.所有这一切过去20多年了，但似乎刚刚是昨天发生的一样。
用何连词看从句中缺少什么成分来决定
宾语从句
I understand that he is well-qualified, but I feel he needs more experience.
I am sorry that you’re ill.
He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.
They told us once again that the situation was serious.(that不可以省略,否则有歧义)(省后可译成：他们再次告诉我们形势很严重。/他们告诉我们形势再次很严重）
I haven’t the least interest in what he is doing.
We have no definite information yet as to which route he will take.
She is sorry for what she said.
重要考点
That 在不引起歧义时可以省略
动词宾语从句中，whether if等同,介词宾语从句中只用whether
I don’t know whether/if he will come.
I have no idea as to whether he will come.
为保句子平衡，可用it 做形式宾语，真正宾语从句放在句末。
He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.
用何连词看从句中缺少什么成分来决定
注意介词宾语从句(多用what)
Whether 和if 差别
1. if 只可以用于动词宾语从句中，不可以用于主语从句、表语从句和介词宾语从句中
whether 可以和or not 连用，if 则不可
I don’t know whether he will come or not.
I don’t know whether/if he will come.
